Endocrine Abstracts

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with postnatal metabolic complications, which include glucose intolerance in adulthood. However, information is limited on the progression of insulin secretion and its action in young IUGR infants. The objective of this study was to determine glucose stimulated insulin secretion and insulin action in young lambs with placenta insufficiency-induced IUGR.Placental insufficiency-induced IUGR was created b...

Pancreatic islets are susceptible to hypoxia during isolation, culture, and transplantation. An intervention that protects against hypoxia while preserving β-cell function will improve islet quality. Adrenaline suppresses insulin secretion and oxygen consumption in pancreatic islets. These findings suggest that adrenergic action creates metabolic quiescence in β-cells. Our objective was to determine whether adrenaline is protective during hypoxic culture in an insuli...

Prolonged increases in foetal plasma noradrenaline occur in pathologies, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Infusion of noradrenaline into healthy sheep foetuses showed continuous suppression of insulin secretion but produced a compensatory beta-cell response after noradrenaline infusion was terminated, similar to findings with adrenergic antagonists in IUGR foetuses. Hyper-insulin secretion responsiveness was confirmed in isolated foetal islets. To identify mol...

Hormonal control of pancreatic β-cell development in the fetus during late gestation remains unclear. In fetal sheep hypothyroidism causes an increase in pancreatic β-cell mass in association with increased plasma insulin and leptin concentrations. This study investigated the effects of triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and leptin on proliferation rates in fetal ovine pancreatic β-cells in vitro.All procedures were approve...

Islet transplantation, an effective treatment for Type I Diabetes, is compromised by transient ischemia. Ischemia reduces the viability and function of transplanted islets and may also promote signals that lower islet efficacy. In order to characterize the response of human islets to transient ischemia, high-throughput sequencing was employed to determine global gene expression. Islets isolated from healthy donors (n=4) were either pelleted in microcentrifuge tubes (i...